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Gym question

Incline bench taken? Upper-chest alternatives

The incline dumbbell press needs the same bench. Use another bench at about 30°, a cable or machine press, or loaded push-ups, with how much lighter to start.

By Will Richards6 min read

Short answer

The incline dumbbell press needs the same bench, so go down this list: any adjustable bench set to about 30°, then a low incline you build with a flat bench, then an incline machine or a low-to-high cable press, then feet-elevated push-ups or a landmine press. Keep the angle near 30°, because above 45° your front delts take over more of the work. Going from a barbell to dumbbells, start about 15% lighter in total and stop the first set 2 to 3 reps short of failure. Flat pressing still trains the upper chest, so one session without an incline costs you little.

The usual answer to “incline bench taken?” is the incline dumbbell press, which needs the same bench. So the real question is what else in the gym can tilt you back to about 30°. Here’s the order to try, how much the angle matters, and how strong the upper-chest evidence actually is.

When the incline bench is taken, go in this order

Ask how many sets they have left first. If it’s a long wait, take the first option that’s free:

Order What’s free Do this Note
1 Any adjustable bench: at the Smith machine, the cables or the dumbbell rack Incline dumbbell press at about 30° The same exercise, so nothing changes
2 Only flat benches A low incline you build: the head end of a flat bench on a sturdy aerobic step Roughly 10°, so a partial fix. Recheck it with the lightest dumbbells; if anything rocks, slides or lifts, use option 3 or 4 instead
3 A machine or a cable Incline machine press, a low-to-high cable chest press, or a low-to-high cable fly Press or sweep up and forward, at about the angle of a 30° bench
4 Just floor space Feet-elevated push-up or a landmine press Load the push-ups with a band or a plate

Adjustable benches rarely label the angle. As a rough guide, 30° is about a third of the way from flat to upright. If yours does have markings, use them.

Pick by why you were inclining

If you incline for Best swap Why
Upper-chest size A 30° dumbbell press on any bench, a low-to-high cable fly, or feet-elevated push-ups Keeps the upward angle the upper chest works hardest in
Helping your flat bench Smith machine bench press or a flat dumbbell bench press Bench assistance is pressing strength, which a flat press trains directly
Pressing that’s easy on your shoulders Landmine press, or a palms-in dumbbell press on a low incline Many lifters find these kinder to the shoulder

If any press hurts, stop the exercise and see a qualified professional if it’s sharp or lasting.

Keep the angle near 30°

In one study of 30 trained adults, upper-chest activity peaked at a 30° bench. The mid and lower chest were most active flat, and the front delts peaked at 60°. Above 45°, the delts did more and the chest did less. Another small study found a 45° incline worked the upper chest more than the lower chest in one session, and the flat bench the reverse.

Steeper still trains the upper chest, but it didn’t beat 30° in the angle study, and past 45° the front delts take more of the work. The second study compared only flat and 45°, so it can’t say where the best angle is. Neither measured growth. Keep the bench near 30°.

How strong is the upper-chest evidence?

Honestly, thin. The best training study put 47 untrained men on flat, incline or both, once a week for 8 weeks, with the same number of sets. Strength gains were similar. Muscle thickness differed at only 1 of 3 sites: the upper-chest site grew more with the incline.

That suggests an incline probably helps the upper chest a little. It doesn’t suggest flat pressing misses it. If the incline bench is busy for one session, a flat press or a cable fly loses you very little.

Set the load on the swap

Your barbell numbers won’t carry over to dumbbells. In a study of 12 trained men on a flat press, the dumbbell max was 14% below the Smith machine and 17% below the barbell. That was flat, not incline, so using it here is our extrapolation.

  • Barbell to dumbbells: start about 15% lighter in total, split across both hands. A 60 kg (132 lb) incline barbell press for 8 becomes two dumbbells of about 25 kg (55 lb) each.
  • Barbell to Smith: about the same weight, or a little lighter. Smith machines vary.
  • Machines and cables: stack numbers don’t convert. Pick by effort.

Whatever you pick, the first set is a test. Stop 2 to 3 reps short of failure, then go heavier or lighter for the next set.

Sets, reps and rest

Swap Sets and reps Rest
Incline dumbbell press at 30° 3 × 8 to 10 About 2 minutes
Low-incline dumbbell press (built setup) 3 × 8 to 12 About 2 minutes
Incline machine press 3 × 8 to 12 90 seconds
Low-to-high cable press or fly 3 × 12 to 15 60 to 90 seconds
Landmine press 3 × 8 to 12 each arm 60 to 90 seconds after both arms
Feet-elevated push-up 3 × 8 to 15 60 to 90 seconds

Once you hit the top of the rep range on every set, go up to the next dumbbell or plate. The double progression calculator works for this.

Make the push-up a real option

An easy push-up isn’t a bench press substitute, so load it. In a 5-week study of 30 trained students, push-ups loaded with a band until 6 reps were hard gave strength gains similar to the bench press. That study used flat push-ups.

To use them for the upper chest, put your feet on a bench or box. Once you can do 15 clean reps, loop a band across your back and under your hands, or have a partner rest a plate on your upper back. Aim for sets of 6 to 12 that end 2 to 3 reps short of failure.

What the research says

  • In 30 trained adults, upper-chest activity peaked at 30°, and above 45° the front delts did more while the chest did less (Rodríguez-Ridao and colleagues, 2020).
  • In 47 untrained men, flat and incline training gave similar strength, and the incline grew one of three chest sites more: the upper chest (Chaves and colleagues, 2020).
  • In 12 trained men, the dumbbell press max was 14% below the Smith machine and 17% below the barbell, with similar chest activity (Saeterbakken and colleagues, 2011).
  • In 30 trained students, band-loaded push-ups gave strength gains similar to the bench press over 5 weeks (Calatayud and colleagues, 2015).
  • In 13 men, one session at a 45° incline worked the upper chest more than the lower chest, and the flat bench did the reverse (Albarello and colleagues, 2022).

Only two of these were training studies, and both were small. Use them as a guide to angle and load, not as proof one swap builds the most upper chest.

WR
Will Richards

Founder and editorial lead, Handler

Handler's founder writes general training guides and documents their sources. This article is educational, not an individual coaching or medical assessment.

Sources

The study findings below come from the linked abstracts. The fallback order, the 15% starting rule, sets and reps and the bench-angle setup tips are coaching guidance, not results from those studies.

Sources

  1. 01Rodríguez-Ridao et al. 2020, Int J Environ Res Public Health: five bench angles (In 30 trained adults pressing at 60% of 1RM, upper-chest activity peaked at 30°, the mid and lower chest peaked flat, and the front delts peaked at 60°. Above 45°, delt activity rose and chest performance fell.)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33049982/
  2. 02Chaves et al. 2020, Int J Exerc Sci: flat vs incline bench press training (In 47 untrained men training once a week for 8 weeks, strength gains were similar. Muscle thickness differed at only 1 of 3 sites: the upper-chest site grew more with the incline.)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32922646/
  3. 03Saeterbakken et al. 2011, J Sports Sci: Smith, barbell and dumbbell chest press (In 12 trained men on a flat press, the dumbbell 1RM was 14% below the Smith machine and 17% below the barbell. Chest and front-delt activity didn't differ.)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21225489/
  4. 04Calatayud et al. 2015, J Strength Cond Res: bench press vs band push-up (In 30 trained students over 5 weeks, push-ups loaded with a band to a 6-rep max gave 1RM and 6RM gains similar to the bench press.)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24983847/
  5. 05Albarello et al. 2022, J Electromyogr Kinesiol: flat vs 45° incline press (In 13 men, the 45° incline worked the upper chest more than the lower chest, and the flat bench the reverse. This was short-term swelling after one session, not long-term growth.)pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36334406/

Frequently asked questions

What can I do if the incline bench is taken?
Look for any other adjustable bench, such as the one at the Smith machine or the cables, and set it to about 30°. If there isn't one, do an incline machine press, a low-to-high cable press, or feet-elevated push-ups.
What is the best angle for the incline bench press?
About 30°. In one study of muscle activity, upper-chest activity peaked at 30°, and above 45° the front delts took over more of the work. That's muscle activity, not growth, but it's a sensible starting point.
Do you need incline press to build your upper chest?
No. Flat pressing trains the upper chest too. In one small study of beginners, the incline grew one upper-chest site a little more than the flat bench, with similar strength gains.
How do you train your upper chest without a bench?
Feet-elevated push-ups or a low-to-high cable fly. Load the push-ups with a band or a plate once 15 reps get easy. A landmine press works too if your shoulders prefer it, but it's more of a mixed press than a chest exercise.
Are push-ups as good as the incline bench press?
Loaded push-ups can be. In trained students, push-ups made hard with a band gave strength gains similar to the bench press over 5 weeks. That study used flat push-ups, so feet-elevated ones for the upper chest are our extrapolation.

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